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Surge in Norovirus Cases: Essential Insights You Must Know Now!

Norovirus cases are experiencing a sharp increase across the United States this winter. Known colloquially as the “winter vomiting bug,” norovirus is a highly contagious virus that spreads easily through contaminated surfaces, food, and water, as well as close contact with infected individuals.

The CDC reports that norovirus accounts for approximately 58 percent of food-borne illness cases in the country, underscoring its impact on public health. First identified in Norwalk, Ohio, during the 1970s, this virus belongs to the family of small RNA viruses known as Caliciviridae, which can infect various hosts, including humans and animals.

Norovirus outbreaks are particularly common from November to April, a timeframe often termed “norovirus season.” The virus can spread through several avenues, including direct contact with contaminated surfaces or individuals, the consumption of tainted food or liquids, and improper hygiene practices. The virus is notably resilient, maintaining its presence on both hard and soft surfaces for up to two weeks, which complicates containment efforts.

Although norovirus is not an airborne virus in the same manner as influenza or COVID-19, it can become aerosolized if a person vomits, releasing small droplets into the air that can lead to infection when inhaled. Settings such as cruise ships, where individuals share close quarters, have been particularly affected. In December alone, there were notable outbreaks on multiple cruise ships, impacting over 300 passengers in Hawaii and the Caribbean.

Raw or undercooked shellfish, especially oysters, are recognized as common carriers of norovirus. Due to their filter feeding method, oysters can easily accumulate contaminants, which poses a risk to those consuming them. The FDA has issued advisories related to oyster consumption from certain harvest periods in Canada due to possible contamination.

The current winter surge of norovirus cases has prompted health officials to take note of the spread of a new strain, GII.17, which has reportedly become the dominant strain this season. As CDC data reveals, outbreaks have skyrocketed, with instances rising from 69 in late November to 91 in early December. Health officials have emphasized that the potential for norovirus outbreaks increases during this time of year, particularly with a lower population immunity against the new strain.

Symptoms of norovirus include sudden-onset vomiting and diarrhea, typically manifesting within 12 to 24 hours after exposure, lasting about 24 to 36 hours. While most individuals recover fully within a few days, dehydration remains a serious concern, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children and older adults.

Currently, there are no specific medications to treat norovirus. Individuals are encouraged to focus on symptom management, particularly hydration. To mitigate the risk of infection, the CDC advises rigorous hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing and disinfecting high-touch surfaces.

Public awareness and proactive hygiene measures will be critical in containing the spread of norovirus this season.

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